How Music Works

SMWTMS has examined Music from the point of view of the non-musician audience member. SMWTMS programs from September 2011 and November 2011 have examined harmony, rhythm, grouping, and strings. The November 2014 program looks at music in the context of civilization and culture. Each program is available on video at the SMWTMS Channel on YouTube. Addtional information from each program is below.
Click the link below to see David Clark and Bern Muller give the presentation of "Harmony" (Part 1) on YouTube.
How Music Works - Part 1
Click the link below to see David Clark give the presentation of "Rhythm, Grouping, and Strings" (Part 2) on YouTube.
How Music Works - Part 2
Click the link below to see David Clark give the presentation of "Civilization and Culture" (Part 3) on YouTube.
How Music Works - Part 3

Additional Information on the "Music Works" programs



Harmony
For 3000 years, musicians have been trying to formulate rules to produce consonant sounds. Trouble is that they have been focusing on "magic" ratios of fundamental frequencies when the true producer of consonance is exact alignment of harmonics. Dissonance occurs whenever two harmonics are within one critical band of each other, but not exactly at the same frequency. Of course, dissonance also occurs when two sine waves are within a critical band of one another. But when real instruments are playing, it is far more common for the harmonics to be the dissonance producers.
Click the link below to see David Clark and Bern Muller give the presentation at YouTube.
How Music Works - Part 1


Rhythm, Grouping, and Strings
The text in the presentation slides is below:

    Facts About Music

  • Art form using sound as a medium
  • Communicates emotion to listener
  • Created by: composer, performers, acoustics
  • Appreciated by non-musicians
  • Release of mind altering chemicals
  • Meaning of sung or spoken text doesn’t count

    Parts of Music

    For creating music…
  • Melody
  • Loudness
  • Rhythm, tempo
  • Timbre
  • Harmony

    For Listening to music…
  • Time base: Beats, tempo, rhythm. X-axis
  • Attributes: Groups, strings. Y-axis

    Time—The X axis

    Repeated beats can group together
  • Vastly aided by pauses and accents
  • 0.2 sec to 1.8 sec are the tempo limits
  • Groups (measures in music) are repeated
  • Sequential groups establish a rhythm
  • A person can anticipate a rhythm
  • The current group is the psychological present
  • Anticipated groups are the future
  • Past groups are the past

    Attributes—The Y axis

    Whatever you listen to
  • Melody
  • Timbre
  • Harmony
  • Dynamics
  • Location
  • Structure (Verse-chorus, Sonata etc.)
  • Acoustics

    Attributes and Grouping

    Sound entering the ear may come from many sources at once
  • Looking at a ‘scope photo of pressure is meaningless Attributes allow us to group these sounds into individual sources Continuity of a group leads to a perception of a “string”
  • Formation of groups and strings is unconscious
  • We consciously connect these strings with the most probable source

    The Auditory Scene

  • All simultaneous sounds can become separate events in the perceptual sound space
  • Tracks events as they change

    The Music Auditory Scene

    Like a map, but… A map may show many things
  • State lines
  • Roads, cities and towns
  • Topography, lakes
  • Points of Interest
    The music space shows past, present and future
  • Continuum of sonically identifiable qualities
  • Melody, harmony
  • Timbre (sound of a particular instrument)
  • Loudness. direction or acoustics

    Summary

    The music listener follows, in time and by choice, strings that have emotional meaning
  • Each string is one or more attributes that are consistent enough to be formed by subconscious groups
Click the link below to see David Clark give the presentation on You Tube.
How Music Works - Part 2


Part 3 - Civilization and Culture
"It’s got a good beat. The kids can dance to it" (Unknown teenager on American Bandstand, 1960) Transcending space and time, David Clark continues his investigation into the appeal of music to the non-musician. Inherent consonance and dissonance in harmonies help to define emotion for melodies while rhythm bridges past, present and near future. The development of consciousness is traced from early ape-like creatures to modern man is shown to be a uniquely human trait and critical to the communication of music. This leads to the best ways to appreciate music: dancing, other rhythmic body movements and day dreaming about anything. It is this guidance of our thoughts about the future that are the essence of music. Clark rejects technical knowledge of music or any accompanying story (film, opera etc.) as having anything to do with the enjoyment of pure music.
Click the link below to see David Clark give the presentation at YouTube.
How Music Works - Part 3

Send questions or comments on the contents of this page to Bern Muller or David Clark
Send questions or comments on the format of this page to David Carlstrom.
Web Page Created by David Carlstrom. Last Modified: 12/25/2014